CODE SWITCHING USED BY INTERNATIONAL TOURIST TO LOCAL PEOPLE IN SORAKE BEACH

Code switching as one of the language events that often occurs in social interactions between speakers and interlocutors due to the ability of language users as bilinguals or multilingual. This research aimed to describe and to explain the types and the reasons of code switching occurrence between local people in Botohili Sorake Village and international tourists in Sorake Beach. The participants of this research were the international tourists (foreign tourist) in Sorake Beach. This research was conducted by utilized qualitative method with descriptive approach. The instruments applied in collecting data were the observation and interview. The data acquired were analyzed by using Miles and Huberman’s mode: 1) data condensation, 2) data displayed, and 3) conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this study indicate that the types of code switching used by international tourists (foreign tourist) in their interaction to local people in Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District were: a) Inter-sentential Code Switching, b) Intra-sentential Code Switching. Thus, based on the results found, it can be concluded that the code switching in an interaction is very helpful for language users, both speakers and interlocutors in understanding and conveying messages or information. This study also reveals several reasons for the use of code switching in an interaction, none other than to avoid misunderstanding the meaning of language between the speakers and interlocutors and as an advantage, especially for bilingual. Briefly, it can be stated that code switching has an important role in a communication. However, although the presence and role of code switching is quite important in language, the researcher also suggests to language users to increase the ability to use language as communication tool, both in their own language and in other language


A. Introduction
Speaking is the ability possessed by humans to communicate with fellow humans both orally and in writing and even by using signs.So it is not surprising that linguists state that language is a communication tool used by humans to convey their ideas, feelings, opinions and desires.Language which is known as a means of communication is one of the most important parts of human life to carry out daily activities, in other words, language cannot be separated from human life.
Language is not only used by some humans or certain people, but all humans in the world use language and even have their own language that is different from other people's languages.As it is known that every country has a language and even every region in a country also has its own regional language including Indonesia which is also a language-rich country.
A person's ability to use more than one language certainly requires language acquisition both formally and informally.The ability to master and use language will enable someone to be able to communicate with people who are different languages from other.Even though each region or country has its own language, they will not be separated from mastering other languages even though the other languages that are mastered are not as fluent as speakers of a certain language so that everyone, like language users, does not only use one language.Based on the theory, Miriam (2006:103) said that "no nation in the world is completely monolingual "Regarding the language used by humans as a tool to interact with others, it is known as a part of the field of science that can be studied in sociolinguistics whereas sociolinguistics examines two fields of science in relation.Holmes (2013:1) said that "sociolinguists study is the relationship between language and society".
The people's ability to master and use more than one language is an advantage for language users in various fields and the ability to use different languages in this era is a must to catch up with the times.People who can speak two or more than one languages in the field of sociolinguistics it's known as bilinguality.Cenoz, (2009:146) argued that "bilinguals are active users of the two languages they know and switch between languages according to the situation or the interlocutor".
Related the use of language, there are many phenomena that occur due to a person's ability to master and use more than one language, as it is known that people who have expertise in two or more languages easily transfer their language to another language that they master, for example, Indonesian to a regional language or other foreign language or vice versa from another language that he/she is fluent in can be transferred to a language that is his own language which is called the mother tongue.The phenomenon of language that occurs like this, in the field of sociolinguistics is called code switching.McKay and Hornberger, (2009:56) (Retnawati and Mujiyanto, 2015).In addition, it was also found at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaisya "Code-switching and Code-mixing of English and Bahasa Malaysia in Content-Based Classrooms: Frequency and Attitudes (Ariffin and Husin, 2011), and also at the University of Dar es.Salaam Tanzania "Code-switching in university classroom interaction" (Shartiely, 2016).
The phenomenon or language terms as described above also occurs in Nias Island precisely in Sorake Beach in South Nias.Nias is the name for islands and archipelago located in west of the Sumatra Island, Indonesia and administratively within the province of North Sumatra.This island is the largest of the islands on the west coast of Sumatra, inhabited by the majority of Nias tribes.Nias Island consists of four districts, namely, Nias Regency, South Nias Regency, West Nias Regency and North Nias Regency and consists of one city, namely GunungSitoli.Nias people have their own language which is called Li Niha or the mother tongue which has the status as the first language of the people of Nias Island and is actively used today.
Nias language or Li Niha, which has the status of being the first language of the Nias Island community, also has a dialect that varies greatly between districts and also between villages.Nias Island, apart from having its own language, Indonesian is the second language of the Nias Island people.Nias Island also has good marine tourism potential so that Nias Island is known as a tourist island that is no less interesting than other islands.In particular, South Nias has a variety of very interesting tourist objects which can be visited by both international tourists and local people.
As proof that in Sorake Beach which was the location of the researcher to conduct the research pertaining to code switching occurred which is carried out by international tourists (foreign tourist) when communicating with local people, the writer provide several examples of code switching found by the researcher as preliminary study by approached the participants, international tourists (foreign tourist) and local people in Sorake Beach.The writer recorded their ongoing dialogues which were talking the spirituality and English language.A local people came to approach a tourist family who is a husband and wife with five children who staying in Sorake Beach who are in charge of doing spirituality services such as teaching the Bible to children.A man (husband) named Glant and a woman (wife) named Nikky who are come from America and live in the Philippines.Both Glant and Nikky were accompanied by a friend who is also a local people (Sorake people) with the initials I.
One of the local people who came to approach the international tourists have conversations on various topics such as ministry and the use of English in the ministry and the researcher deliberately approaches them and some of their conversations that the researcher note are as follows: Nikky : But we never say pelayanan, melayani (But we never say service, minister) The topic of the conversation above was the spiritually service.Nikky : Because in her mind it's banyak sulit.(Because in her mind it's too difficult) The topic of the last sentence above was talking about the difficulty of someone learning English.In the sentence above that was uttered by Nikky when she spoke to a local people as her speech partner, she should only use English because she is a native speaker and her speech partner also seem able to use English when the speech partner communicates with the two tourists.Even so, the emergence of code switching from English into Indonesian in Nikky conversation, of course she has reasons that make her why she should use code switching.
Even so, it cannot be separated from the language phenomenon that has been discussed on the previous page which is termed Code Switching.Code switching also occurs at Sorake Beach where the language alternation is not only from English to Indonesian but also from Indonesian to English.International tourists who visit Sorake Beach do not only use English but also switch the language into Indonesian when they talk to local people in Sorake Beach.Likewise, local people in Sorake Beach who are multilingual in their use of language also switch their language from Indonesian to English or vice versa from English to Indonesian when they talk to tourists.The local people in Sorake Beach are native speakers of Nias language (Li Niha), and Indonesian as the national language as their second language, apart from these two languages they also master a foreign language, namely English.As speakers have certain reasons why the language phenomenon with the term Code Switching can occur in their communication or they easily translate.
Through the phenomenon that is described above, the researcher is interesting to conduct the study with the title "Code Switching Used by International Tourist to Local People In Sorake Beach".

B. Research Method
The research method that wasused in conducting this research was a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach.In other word, Qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomena experienced by research subjects such as behavior, perception, motivation, action, etc, holistically, and by means of descriptions in the form of words and language, in a specific natural context and by making use of various natural methods.In addition, Creswell, (2014:32) defined "Qualitative research is an approach for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.Meanwhile, Auerbach and Silverstein (2003:3) also argued in line with the two statements above that"Qualitative research is research that involves analyzing and interpreting texts Based on the definitions above, this research was conducted by the writer using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach that was described the object and research results in detail in the form of words or sentences.
The research that was carried out by writer is located at Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District, South Nias Regency, which is one of the tourist places and which is visited by many international tourists from various countries, as well as local tourists from various regions.To conduct this research, the writer estimated the time required for conducting the research approximately three months.
The data which obtained directly from the field, it is primary data.
They are documentation (recording) and voice interview.The data referred in the research that was carried out by researcher was a collection of information that the writer obtained through observation from participants as data sources.
The participants who were the source of data in this study were the international tourists from various countries who visited Sorake beach, Luahagundre sub-district, South Nias, as well as local people on Sorake beach.The technique of the data collection 1. Documentation (video recording) In conducting qualitative research, qualitative researchers argue that the qualitative research instrument is the researcher himself because the research is carried out on natural objects.In this study, the researcher was an instrument and used observation techniques to obtain data from data sources or participants that have been determined by the researcher.

Documentation (voice recording)
The interview is also one type of instrument that was used by the writer to obtain the data from data sources in the research location.Soerjasih, et al. (2017:36) explains that "The interview is one of the techniques for collecting data, namely to get information by asking directly to the interviewed subject".
The Technique of Data Analysis, Miles et al, (2014:31) defined analysis as consisting of three concurrent flows of activity: 1) data condensation, 2) data display, and 3) conclusion drawing/verification.

Data Condensation
Data condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and/or transforming the data that appear in the full corpus (body) of written-up field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and other empirical materials

Data Display
The second major flow of analysis activity is data display.Generically, a display is an organized, compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action.In daily life, displays vary from gasoline gauges to newspapers to Facebook status updates.

Drawing and Verifying Conclusions
The third stream of analysis activity is conclusion drawing and verification.From the start of data collection, the qualitative analyst interprets what things mean by noting patterns, explanations, causal flows, and propositions.

C. Research Finding And Discussion 1. Types of Code Switching
Based on the data analyzed, researcher display some types of code switching that was using by international tourists (foreign tourist) at Sorake Beach when they spoke to local people.The following descriptions were the types of code switching that acquired from the participants, international tourists (foreign tourist).

a. Inter-sentential code switching
Based on the observation that the researcher did, the data demonstrated that the international tourists (foreign tourist) in Sorake Beach were used code switching in their communication to The the expressions above was uttered by participants at Sorake Beach when they spoke to local people in Sorake Beach.The sentences above shows that the in international tourists conversations to local people in Sorake Beach there were code switching used whereas the sentences consist of two different languages and sentences

Intra-sentential code switching
Besides the expressions showed on the previous page, it was also found that there were intra-sentential code switching used by an international tourist (foreign tourist) when they were communicating to local people in Sorake Beach.As it can be seen in the data presented below.Participant 1: Dan juga, we gonna do reviews.(And also we gonna do reviews) The utterance above convoyed in one sentence by using two different languages, the first was Indonesia language "dan juga" and the second was English language "we gonna do reviews".The sentence above, it shows that the international tourists who were in Sorake Beach also used alternative language in a form of code switching in their communication to local people.The code switching that was using by international tourists (foreign tourist) occurred within a sentence.

The Reasons of Code Switching
In addition, besides this study aims to explore the types of code switching that occurs in international tourists' communication to local people in Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District, describe the reasons for using code switching is also the second aim of the researcher in this study.
In collecting the second data from the participants through the interview instrument, the researcher found some reasons why the international tourists (foreign tourist) who staying in Sorake Beach used code switching when they speak to local people.The following data were the international tourists' reasons why they use code switching.International Tourists reasons of using code switching a.To make the listener understand The data were the interview result that obtained through the interview.
Participant 1: Well, first about we don't use that phrase code switching campur bahasa or you are mixing language, okay.Sometimes when we are talking to people we make short language because we don't know the right Indonesian word, or maybe…we try to help them understand English better.Sometimes we make it because of that.Participant 2: I definitely use a lot of code switching here because sometimes easier to communicate with the other person, and the so they can understand.
Based on the data shown above, it is one of the reasons why international tourists at Sorake Beach use or switch the language from Indonesian to English when they speaking to local people at Sorake Beach.In accordance to data above, it is clear that international tourists at Sorake Beach The above data as the second reason why the international tourists in Sorake Beach were using code switching in their communication to local people.Based on the data shown above, it can be known that the international tourist at Sorake Beach switch the language from English to Indonesian when they speak to local people by reason to clarifying the speech content as it is stated on the above data, "So, sometimes we switch the language to make it more clear what we're trying to say." c.To show the ability as bilingualism Participant : It's important for me when I am preaching sometimes I use English sometimes I use Indonesian.It's important for me because I want the Indonesia people, Nias people to know that I speak Indonesian.From the dialogues above, it can be known that the international tourists at Sorake Beach used code switching or switch the language to another language intend to the make the listener other people know that they are as foreign people who speak English also able to use Indonesian or other language in doing communication.In other words, they are as foreign people who known as English user want to demonstratetheir self identity as bilingual.
Based on the data that demonstrated above, the researcher found two types of code switching that were utilized by international tourists (foreign tourist) to local people at Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District, namely Inter-sentential code switching and Intra-sentential code switching.
In this study, after the researcher obtained and analyzed data concerning the reasons of using code switching in language, especially in language events between international tourists and local people at Sorake Beach, the researcher found several reasons why the international tourists use code switching in communicating with local people at Sorake Beach.The expression described below were the reasons found by the researcher through interview.a.To make the listener understand b.To clarifying the speech content c.To show the ability as bilingualism

D. Conclusion
Based on the research finding on the previous chapter, it can be concluded that international tourists (foreign tourist) use two types of code switching when they do communicate to local people in Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District, namely 1) Inter-sentential code switching which is occurred during a conversation, from sentence to sentence, and 2) Intrasentential code switching is the alternation that occurred within a sentence.There are three reasons why international tourists (foreign tourist) use code switching when they do communicate to local people in Sorake Beach, Botohili Sorake Village, Luahagundre District, namely 1) To make the listeners understand, 2) To clarifying the speech content, and 3) To show the ability as bilingualism.
Based on the research found, the researchers finally concluded that all International Tourists on Sorake Beach, generally currently foreign tourists on Sorake Beach are trying to adapt to the local people.That's why they try to use Indonesian even though it's not fully Indonesian.Second, the benefits for local people to introduce Indonesian to foreign tourists.they can create courses for them, especially for foreign speakers.This is an opportunity for local people to make a business, not just a business, and also to contribute to Indonesia, such as by introducing the Indonesian language.

E. Suggestions
For further researchers is suggested in order to conduct the research concerning the code switching to increase the researchers' knowledge and in order to get an additional insight about the sociolinguistic study and the using language in a form code switching.It is also expected for further researchers in order this study can be used as a guidance and reference in conducting the research, and suggested to use different theories.
For the lecturers as English teachers who teach in the English department in particular, can use code switching in teaching process whereas code switching can help students as novice students to be able to understand every material presented and also students local people at Sorake Beach whereas it can be seen in the following utterances.Participant 1 : Your favorite.Kalau pilih satu, apa? (Your favorite.If you choose one, what?) Participant 2: First generation.Generasi pertama.(First generation.First generation)