DEVELOPING DAR APPLICATION BASED ON ANDROID IN READING ENGLISH TEXT

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A. Introduction
English is an international language, which is widely spoken in the world.English has a crucial role in many aspects of life (Rao, 2019).English is used in technology, education, sciences, and also in communication (Ratheeswari, 2018).English in Indonesia is an important subject because English is a foreign language that is taught in education in Indonesia from kindergarten until university.In Indonesia, English is a foreign language that students should learn.
In learning English, students can master all aspects of English.They are listening, speaking, reading, and writing (Ma'arif & Afidah, 2018).In learning English, there are four skills that we must learn: listening, speaking, reading, and writing.These four skills certainly have equally important portions, interconnected and complementary.
Reading is one of four skills in learning English.According to some experts, reading is a process between a reader and a text to understand the text.To get more information about the text, you have some strategies and skills, there are guessing, predicting, checking, and asking yourself questions (Heryatun, 2020).
From data analysis in Islamic Senior High School, students have learned descriptive text material, announcements, and recount text using teaching materials in the form of books.However, for some students, learning English is still a difficulty.For students, learning English is to be based on likes and interests and also methods or media of learning as well as varied delivery methods by teachers when learning English.Although teachers have methods that are often used, students sometimes feel bored with the delivery or media.That is all, students need a new atmosphere and innovation in learning English, and they also have an interest in using android-based learning media.
Having done the need analysis, the researcher develops interactive learning media, because, in the learning and teaching process, interactive learning media can be used to create a good atmosphere and make the learning and teaching process more interesting for students (Subro, 2021).Interactive learning media develop based on android applications can be a new way for students to learn English because interactive learning media-based android can make the students more attractive and more eager to learn English (Damayanti, 2022), (Nurfadhillah, 2021).

B. Research Method 1. Research Design
In this research, the researcher used to research and development as a research method.According to experts, research and development methods are research methods that have steps or processes to create or develop a new educational product or perfect an existing product to provide innovation and improvement and test it to be better and effective, and useful for educators (Akbar, 2013)

Research Procedure
The research procedure used for this research was ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation).ADDIE models have 5 stages.

Figure 1. Stages of the ADDIE Model
The details of the ADDIE model in this research are as follows:

Analyze
At this stage, the activities of researcher analyzed the problems found in the field, precisely on February 19, 2022, at the Islamic Senior High School At-Taufik Bogem, Diwek.To find out the problems that occur, the researcher conducted observations and distributed questionnaires to the 13 students of grade X.Based on the results of observations and the distribution of questionnaires, the problem encountered was that many students were less interested in English subjects because the learning media used was less attractive to students.The media used is still not able to increase students' interest and understanding of learning, so students are less active in learning.
Based on the results of observations and the results of student questionnaires which were analyzed by the researcher and other data in the field, the researcher developed an android-based learning media application for English with the topic Descriptive, Announcement, and Recount text.

Design
After that, the researcher designed the learning media by collecting material about Descriptive text, Announcement text,

Recount
text, pictures, and other supporting materials which were of course following the basic competencies of the topic and presented.Then, the researcher makes product designs that are developed in the form of PowerPoint media with hyperlinks to make an interactive PowerPoint, uses other applications such as Benime to make moving text videos, Text to Speech as voice-over, and iSpring Suite 10 as an application for making interactive practice questions and change PowerPoint into HTML and Website 2 APK Builder to make learning media it becomes an application.

Development
At this stage, the researcher validated the learning media product and validated the material to 2 people.There are 2 lecturers in English at KH. A. Wahab Hasbullah University.This validation was carried out after the learning media product has been approved and was considered feasible by the supervisor for validation.Validation of learning media products and material validation used a validation sheet as an assessment of learning media products and materials used.The validation has been done on April 18, 2022, and the researcher made a revision that is listed on the validation sheet following the suggestions from the validator.

Implementation
After that, the learning media product was tested on 14 students at grade X Islamic Senior High School At -Taufik Bogem, Diwek.After conducting the trial, the researcher gave a questionnaire by link on Google form to the students to assess the performance of the learning media product developed by the researcher, and make revisions when necessary.

Evaluation
At this stage, the researcher evaluated whether the developed learning media product was feasible or not to be disseminated after seeing the results of the validation sheet, questionnaire sheet, and revisions made by the researcher.

Data Analysis Techniques
Data analysis was an activity carried out after all data sources were collected.In this research, the researchers used descriptive analysis as a data analysis technique.The data that has been collected can be grouped into two, namely, qualitative data and quantitative data.1. Qualitative data was used to process the data from the review in the form of responses, criticisms, and suggestions for improvement by media experts, material experts, and students.The data was then processed in the form of sentences or words.The results of this analysis will be used to revise the product developed by the researcher.

Result of Analysis
In this part, the researcher did research in Islamic Senior High School At-Taufiq Bogem, Diwek, Jombang on February 19, 2022, to get some data about what the students needed to help with English learning activities.The researcher used a questionnaire and observations as the instrument of this research, and from the data in need of analysis, the researcher found some problems during English learning activities in the class.The problem encountered was that many students were less interested in English subjects because the learning media used was less attractive to students.The media used was still not able to increase students' interest and understanding of learning, so students were less active in learning.

Percentage =
∑ total score maxscore  100% Based on the result analysis the researcher concluded that students need a new learning media which could students more interested and active during English learning.
Therefore, the researcher developed DAR Applications to help students more interested and active in English learning.

Result of Design
Design activities were done by making a storyboard and application needed.While the application used to make DAR Application was PowerPoint, Benime, Text to Speech, iSpring Suite 10, and Website 2 APK Builder.PowerPoint media with hyperlinks was to make an interactive PowerPoint, Benime was to make moving text videos, Text to Speech as voice-over, and iSpring Suite 10 as an application for making interactive practice questions (iSpring Quiz Maker) and changing PowerPoint into HTML and Website 2 APK Builder to make learning media it becomes an application.

Result of Development
The researcher finished the validation DAR to media and material experts on April 18, 2022.The result of validation sheets of media and material.
The questionnaire result obtained from students, media experts, and material experts were analyzed using the Likert scale.The percentages into criteria of feasibility.This was important to know whether the media be able to revise or not.The criteria were as follows: Table 2 The maximum score was the maximum score on the Likert scale multiplied by the number of items, so that 4x18 = 72, the total score of observation = (15x4) + (3x3) + (0x2) + (0x1) = 69.The calculation of the percentage of the feasibility of media validation was followed: Based on that, the researcher got a 95,8 % score, which was in the "Very good" category.It meant, that the resulting media validation sheet or the result of the DAR Application was "Deserve to be tested".Based on the result of media validation, this application needed revision.That was should add music to exercises, so students were not bored when doing the exercise.

Revision from Media and Material Validation
Based on media and material validation, the expert gave the same revision to add music or back sound in the exercise.So, students were not bored when doing the exercise.The following table showed the layout before and after revision.

After
After revision, the researcher gave music for exercise.

D. Result of Implementation
The DAR Application was tested on 14 students in grade X of Islamic High School at -Taufiq Bogem, Diwek on July 2, 2022.The research was carried out online in the WhatsApp group "Try Out Final Product" by the following steps: first, the researcher gave the students a link to the WhatsApp group "Try Out Final Product".After the students join in the group, the researcher gave instructed what they must do.The following are: 1.The researcher sent the DAR Application to the group and asked students to download and install DAR Application on their phones.
2. After that, the researcher gave the instructions to open and used the DAR Application on their phone, students studied descriptive, announcement, and recount text by using the DAR Application.
3. After the student's study used the DAR Application, students have to do the exercise of the DAR Application and sent the result of the exercise to the researcher.
4. The researcher sent a link for the questionnaire of students' responses by Google form in the WhatsApp group and asked students to fill out the questionnaire.
Based on the implementation stages, the researcher got the data as follows: The maximum score was the maximum score on the Likert scale multiplied by the number of students so that 4x14 = 56.The calculation of the percentage of the feasibility of media validation was followed: Based on that, the researcher got a 92,1 % score, which was in the "Very good" category.It means that the resulting questionnaire for students or the result of the DAR Application was "Feasible" to use

E. Result of Evaluation
The evaluation stage was the last in developing DAR Application-Based Android in Reading English Text for Senior High Students in Grade X.The purpose of the evaluation was to see feasible or not to be disseminated after seeing the results of the validation sheet, questionnaire sheet, and revisions made by the researcher.
Based on the data obtained from the development and implementation stage, the researcher concluded that DAR Application was feasible to use as a learning media in the English lesson.DAR Application has some strengths and weaknesses.The strengths are DAR Application can be accessed anytime and anywhere in offline mode, music makes students not bored when they did exercise, and the features DAR Application was easy to operate.The weaknesses of the DAR Application were that in the implementation stage, the researcher just sent the application by WhatsApp group.So, some students were confused when operating the DAR Application.The researcher and students did not communicate directly, just by WhatsApp chat.The researcher can not know the result of the exercise to all of the students directly, students should send the result of the exercise to the researcher.

F. Final Product
The final product showed the figure layout after revision.The layout figure of  The objective of this research was to develop DAR Application-Based Android in Reading English Text for Senior High Students in grade X.Based on the result of the result data and discussion that has been described, the researcher got a result of media validation 95,8% scores, was "very good" category.In the material validation, the researcher got 92,1% scores, which was a "very good category., and in the result of product implementation, the researcher got 92,1% scores, which was a "very good" category.The researcher concluded that DAR Application was feasible as a learning media in teaching-learning English.

Suggestion
Based on the discussion and the conclusion, the researcher gave some suggestions for the teacher, the other researcher, and the next research: 1).For the teacher, it can be alternative learning media in learning teaching English, 2).For other researchers, this research can be a reference to do the research in other skills and materials.
For the next research, this product can be developed to better product for learning and teaching English.

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Index Category of Skala Likert

Table 3 .
The Result of Media Validation

Table 5 .
The result of the Questionnaire for Students' Responses