DERIVATION AND INFLECTION ON SELENA GOMEZ SONG LYRICS IN REVIVAL ALBUM

This study was designed by using descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data because it explains derivation and inflection affixes that found on Selena Gomez Song Lyrics in Revival Album. This study aimed to find out the derivation and inflection affixes on Selena Gomez song lyric in Revival Album also to describe the function ofeach derivation and inflection affixes found. The data was collected by using documentation. The result of this study there are two types of affix were used. They were prefix and suffix. There is no infix was used. Derivational prefix which is found –re. Meanwhile, derivational suffixes which are found, they are –ed , -ly,-ness,-tion,-ion,-cal.-ful,-er,-ity and -al . The functions of derivational affixes consist of noun forming, adverb forming, adjective forming, and verb forming. On the other hand inflectional suffixes consists of -s,-ing, -ed. The function of inflectional suffixes consist ofthird singular person marker, past tense marker, progressive marker, and plural marker.The mostly used of inflection affixes was suffix –ing functioned as progressive marker. Based on the finding, it is concluded that learn derivation and inflection affixes can helps learners create a new words by adding prefix and suffix. In conclusion, derivation affixes occur to create new word from existing word in two ways, they can change the meaning of word or the word class. And inflection affixes occur not to used to produce new words in the language, but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of word.Thesuggestion fromresearcher to isto study moreaboutthederivation and inflection affixesnotonly fromthebookbutalsofromanother sourceslikesongs, moviesubtitle,etc.And suggests the English learner should learn derivation and inflection affixes because from this affixes can change the part of speech and also create a new meaning that can improve their vocabulary.


Introduction
Language is the tool for human to communicate and interact with others.It means that language is the way for human to express or deliver the message.Language can be understood by listeners and speakers, since it has certain patterns that are known by both of them.Linguistics is the scientific study of language.There are some aspects of linguistics, they are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.In this study, the researcher focused on morphology.
Morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.Morphology also looks at parts of speech, intonation and stress, and the ways context can change a word's pronunciation and meaning.According to Lieber (2009:2) "Morphology is the study of word formation, including the ways new words are coined in the languages of the world, and the way forms of words are varied depending on how they're used in sentences".
A word is combination of letters.According to Lieber (2009:3) "A word is something small that means something".It means that we can define word as one or more morphemes that can stand alone in a language.Words may of course consist of more than two morphemes.We can communicate with each other because of meaning in every word.The concept of word is usually distinguished from that of a morpheme, which is the smallest unit of speech which has a meaning, even if it will not stand on its own.Word in language that consist of one element of meaning which is morpheme.
Morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has its own meaning.There are two types of morphemes including free morpheme and bound morpheme.A free morpheme is one morpheme that may stand alone in a language, without requiring any other morphemes.For instance, cat, book, happy, etc..can occur on its own as a word.Whereas, bound morphemes is morpheme that can not stand alone as a single word, but must attached to free morpheme.bound morpheme attach at the beginning, the end, in the middle, or both at the beginning and end of a word.The set of morphemes that are on bound category are divided into two types: namely derivation and inflection morphemes.
Derivation is the process of adding affixes to a base word and it can change the meaning or the word class.When derivational morpheme is added to the base of a word, it can result into a change in the part of speech or grammatical category of that word.for instance, when the suffixness is added to adjective 'happy', the adjective 'happy' become the noun 'happiness'.While, inflection is the process of adding affix to a base word does not change either the meaning or the word class but change its form according to grammar rules.For example, the -s morpheme attached to the word "likes" indicates the present tense for singular person.
The way to increase and enrich vocabulary, language users need to learned morphology, especially derivation and inflection.The derivation and inflection are not only found in the daily conversation but also in the literary works like poems, song lyrics, novels, movies, etc.However, this research is interested in analyzing song lyrics.
Song lyric is one of literary works and it is has meaning.Song lyric contains word and language that expose the author's thoughts and feeling.So many people in this world like to listen of song.Listening song is one of the good way to learn the English language because songs can be easily remembered and also easily learned vocabulary.Song is part of music that consist of many lyrics and melody that delivered by the musician about what their feeling which intending to be sung one of it is Selena Gomez.
Selena Gomez is an American singer, actress, and producer.Born and raised in Texas.Years active 2002-present.Selena Gomez has released there album as a solo artist.The albums are: Stars Dance as the first album, released on 2013, the second album is Revival, released on 2015, and the third album is Rare, released on 2020.In this research, researcher chooses Revival album as an object because this album is one of the most popular and bestseller album.Revival album was received positive reviews from music critics, many of whom praised it production, lyrical content, and sultry sound.The album was included in several yearend best music list by publications.Revival album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, marking Gomez second consecutive number one album in the US, following stars dance (2013).The "Revival Album was released on october 9, 2015 which consists of eleven songs.They are: Revival, Kill 'em with Kindness, Hand to Myself, Me and the Rhythm, Survivors, Body Heat, Rise, Same Old Love, Sober, Good for You, Camouflage.
Based on the preliminary study, there are many derivation and inflection in that lyrics are applied and could be analyzed as the following : a. "Kill 'em with Kindness" b. "What I've learned is so vital" The sentences above are the example of the derived and inflected words.Which is part "a" is the example of derivation."Kill 'em with Kindness".The word "kindness" as noun is derived from root of word "kind" as adjective.Root of word kind as adjective is added the suffix -ness becomes kindness as noun.And part "b" is the example of inflection."What I've learned is so vital".The word "learned" as verb2 actually in past tense is inflected from root of word "learn" as verb1 but actually in present tense.
So, the root of word learn as verb1 is added the suffix -ed becomes learned as verb2.So the grammatical has change already.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher would like to do a research entitled "Derivation and Inflection on Selena Gomez song lyric in Revival album".
Related to the formulation of the problem above, this research aimed 1. Finding the derivation and inflection affixes that are used on Selena Gomez song lyrics in Revival album.2. Describes the function of each derivation and inflection affixes used on Selena Gomes song lyrics in Revival album.

Derivation
Derivation is the process of adding affix (suffix) to a base word and it can be changes the meaning or the word class.Certain bound morphemes change the category of the words to which they are attached as these words: kindness, beautiful, darken, singer, and slowly.
According to Finegan (2003:43) derivational morphemes produce new word from existing word in two ways.They can change the meaning of the words such as the word "true versus untrue and paint versus repaint" or they can change a words lexical category such as the words true is an adjective, truly an adverb, truth a noun.The derivation will list various processes whereby new words are from existing words (or roots), nouns from adjective "beauty from beautiful", adjective from noun "master from masterly", verb from adjective "accept from acceptable" and so on (Booij 2005:52).Derivational is used to form a new word, as with the word happiness and unhappy from happy or arrangement from arrange.A contrast is intended with process of inflection, which usesanother kind of affix in order to form variants of the same word, likes walking, walked, and walks.Mostly, the derivational morphemes are affixes.An affix is a morpheme which only occurs when attached to some other morpheme or morpheme such as a root or stem or base (Katamba, 1993: 44) Inflectional word formation is word formation that expresses grammatical distinctions like number (singular vs. plural); tense (present vs. past); person (first, second, or third); and case (subject, object, possessive), among others.English has relatively little inflection.We create different forms of nouns according to number (Wombat to wombats); we mark the possessive form of a noun with -'s ors' (the wombat's eyes).We have different form of verbs for present and past and for present and past participles (sing, sang, singing, sung) and we use a suffix -s to mark the third person singular of a verb (she sings), (Lieber 2009:7).They only have certain grammatical function.There is no inflectional prefix in English.

Research Method
The researcher used qualitative method with descriptive approach to analyze the data that indicated to derivation and inflection on song lyricson Selena Gomes song lyrics in Revival album.Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.According to Auerbach and Silverstein (2003:3) "Qualitative researchis research that involves analyzing and interpreting texts and interviews in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a particular phenomenon".
In this research, the researcher used documentation and collects the data mainly from the songs of Selena Gomez's.There are some procedures that researcher used to collect the data, those were: 1. Downloading the lyrics of Selena Gomez' songs which is refers into Revival album from internet.2. Reading and comprehensively to know whether it contains derivation and inflection affixes.3. Selecting those words which has been attached by derivation and inflection affixes.4. Analyzing those words according to their categories whether derived and inflected words.
After collecting the data, researcher analyzed them.The data analysis in this research was content analysis.In analyzing the data, one of numerous research method used is content analysis.Content analysis is the study of content which refers to the meaning, contexts and intentions contained in messages or text.Content analysis is a research tool used to analyze the data which determine the presence of certain words or concepts within texts or sets of texts.
Inanalyzing the data, there are three steps flows of activity.They were data condensation, data display, and drawing and verifying conclusions (Milles, Huberman& Saldana,2014 :10-11).1.Data Reduction Data reduction not something separate from analysis, is part of analysis.Data condensation refers to the process of selecting, focusing simplifying, abstracting, and transforming the data that appear in the full corpus (body) of written-up field notes, interview transcripts, documents and other empirical material.By condensing, we are making data stronger.In this stage, researcher was select the data needed which contains the derivation and inflection categories.Then, the researcher was classify the data for each category.The purpose of this activity was to make researcher easier to classify data.

Data Display
The second step is data display.Generally, a display is and organized compressed assembly of information that allows conclusion drawing and action.Data display helps us to understand what is happening and to do something.
After the researcher got the data needed, researcher displays the data in a table form to make researcher easier in drawing conclusions.

Conclusion Drawing and Verification
The third stream of analysis activity is conclusion drawing and verification.
From the start of data collection, the qualitative analyst interprets what things means by noting patterns, explanations, casual flows, and propositions.

Finding and Discussion
From the result of an analysis of the song lyrics of Selena Gomez's in Revival album, the finding of this research reveals various kinds of affixes and the function of derivation and inflection that occur on song lyrics of Selena Gomez's Revival Album.The data in the table of data result above shows that there are two types of affixes which are used on song lyrics in Selena Gomez's Revival Album.Those types are prefix and suffix.Additionally, there is no infix on song lyrics in Selena Gomez's Revival Album.
In derivational affixes, prefix and suffix occur on song lyrics in Selena Gomez's Revival Album.Prefix is placed to the front of root or base of word and suffix is added to the back part of root or base of word.Types of prefix which isfoundre-.Suffix which are found -ed, -ly, -ness,-tion,ion, -cal. -ful, -er,-ity and -al.Suffixes that are found can be divided into four based on what function of new words they form.The first is noun forming.It occurs when the others part of speech such as verb and adjective changes become noun because add suffix -ion,tion, -al, -ity and -ness.They give important contribution in deriving English noun word.
The second is adjective formingsuffix.It occurs when the others part of speech such as verb and noun changes become adjective part of speech.The adjective forming suffix includes -ful,cal, and -er.These affixes denotes as affixes to form adjective.The third is verb forming suffix that include-ed.Verb forming suffix occurs when the others part of speech such as adjective changes to be verb.The fourth is adverb forming suffix -ly.Adverb forming suffix occurs when the others part of speech such as verb, adjective, noun changes become adverb.Suffix -ly denotes as adverb maker because suffix ly change the part of speech adjective to be adverb.
Knowing functions of those suffixes will help the reader of the lyrics of Selena Gomez's song to know the meaning of words to which those suffixes are added.While, Prefixes are not usually changes the words class of the root or the base words, but it is added to make a new word with the same word class and different meaning.Kind of prefix which is found were re-.The process sometimes changes the phonological aspect of the word such as the word reborn is formed by adding re-to the base born.From the table of result, the most common used of affixes was suffixes.On the other hand, inflection refers to the suffix that does not create new words, meaning or form but giving the extra grammatical information on the root words so that they fit into grammatical context.Types of suffix which are foundes/s, -s -ing, -d/ed.Suffixes that were found can be divided into five based on what function of words they form.They are third singular person marker, past tense marker, progressive marker and plural marker.
Considering the findings based on the data analysis done by the researcher, this section presented the discussion of the research findings.In this research, there was problem statement and the discussion was only focused on it.As mentioned before, the aim of this research was to describe the derivational and inflectional affixes that are found on Selena Gomez song Lyrics in Revival Album and find out the function of derivational and inflectional affixes that are found on Selena Gomez's song Lyrics in revival Album.This research was carried out based on Lieber (2009:35), the types of derivational affixes divided into two types.They are prefix and suffix.And Lieber (2009:7), when we change the form of a word so that it fits in a particular grammatical context, we are concerned with what linguistics call inflection.
Based on the result of research finding, the findings would be compared to the theories used in the literature review of this research, in analyzing the data to find out the kinds of affixes used in the English song, the theory of Lieber(2009:35)classified that affixes consists of prefix and suffix.