ANCAMAN TERHADAP KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI KALIMANTAN: IMPLEMENTASI NILAI PERSATUAN DAN KEADILAN EKOLOGIS
Keywords:
Biodiversity; Kalimantan; Environmental Threats; Unity; Ecological Justice.
Abstract
Kalimantan is renowned for its exceptionally high biodiversity, making it one of Indonesia’s most ecologically significant regions. However, this rich natural environment faces serious threats from human activities such as deforestation, plantation expansion, mining, and land conversion. These actions not only endanger endemic species but also disrupt ecological balance and negatively affect the livelihoods and welfare of local communities who depend on natural resources for their daily needs. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach based on literature review to examine these environmental threats and to analyze how Pancasila values particularly principles 3 (unity), 4 (deliberation), and 5 (social justice) can guide conservation efforts. Findings indicate that short-term economic exploitation often neglects ecological concerns and exacerbates social inequalities. The principle of unity is crucial for reconciling the sometimes conflicting interests of government, private sectors, and local communities. Deliberation ensures that conservation policies are developed inclusively, while social justice protects the rights and welfare of local residents, particularly indigenous and marginalized groups. Moreover, the concept of ecological justice emphasizes the responsibility of the current generation to safeguard environmental resources for future generations. Effective conservation in Kalimantan, therefore, requires adherence to Pancasila values and collaborative efforts across sectors, combining ecological preservation with social equity. Such an approach promotes sustainable development that balances human needs with the protection of biodiversity and ecosystem integrity.
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Azmia, H. T. (2024). Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan terhadap Pencemaran Limbah Industri: Tinjauan Terhadap Perlindungan Masyarakat Kelas Bawah. LITRA: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Tata Ruang Dan Agraria, 4(1), 1–15.
Badriyah, L., Salsabila, M., & Sa’id, I. Bin. (2023). Pengaruh Reforestasi di Hutan Kalimantan Terhadap Biodifersitas serta Suhu di Sekitarnya. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Lingkungan Wilayah Pesisir (JEMMIES), 1(1), 23–30.
Cahyani, F. A. (2022). Intergenerational Environmental Justice as a Human Rights Fulfillment. Jurist-Diction, 5(2), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.20473/jd.v5i2.34890
Chapters, B., & Scott, D. (2021). Osgoode Digital Commons Intergenerational Environmental Justice and the Climate Crisis : Thinking with and beyond the Charter Source Publication : Intergenerational Environmental Justice and the Climate Crisis : Thinking with and beyond the Charter.
Díaz, M. (2023). Dealing with global threats to biodiversity: A pressing but realistic challenge. Frontiers in Conservation Science, 4(February), 2021–2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcosc.2023.1147470
Dwiyahreni, A. A., Fuad, H. A. H., Muhtar, S., Soesilo, T. E. B., Margules, C., & Supriatna, J. (2021). Changes in the human footprint in and around Indonesia’s terrestrial national parks between 2012 and 2017. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83586-2
Estiyantara, N. F., Handayani, I. G. A. K. R., & Najicha, F. U. (2023). Implementation Ecological Justice Principle Dalam Pengaturan Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan Panas Bumi dan Ketahanan Energi Nasional. Jurnal Discretie, 4(2), 262–275.
Fadhilah, H., Relynada, R., Erin, F., & Fadhillah, M. R. (2022). Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Terhadap Kebersihan Lingkungan Masyarakat. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 5(2), 1190–1200.
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Hastari, B., & Girsang, S. R. M. (2019). PARTISIPASI PELAKU EKOWISATA DALAM UPAYA KONSERVASI DI TAMAN NASIONAL TANJUNG PUTING KALIMANTAN TENGAH. 2, 20–29.
Jariah, A., Ariyadi, A., & Riyanti, N. (2023). Pengelolaan Hutan Adat pada Perspektif Ekologi Politik dalam Pembangunan Perekonomian Masyarakat Menengah ke Bawah di Kabupaten Katingan. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 17(6), 4475. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v17i6.2867
Judijanto, L., & Adiwijaya, S. (2024). The Impact of Natural Resource Exploration on the Sustainability of Tropical Forest Ecosystems in Kalimantan. Jurnal Geosains West Science, 2(03), 103–111.
Keck, F., Peller, T., Alther, R., Barouillet, C., Blackman, R., Capo, E., Chonova, T., Couton, M., Fehlinger, L., Kirschner, D., Knüsel, M., Muneret, L., Oester, R., Tapolczai, K., Zhang, H., & Altermatt, F. (2025). The global human impact on biodiversity. Nature, 641(8062), 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08752-2
Kennedi, U. F., Zainudin, Purwanto, S., Jakaria, M., Kusrini, M. D., Prabowo, O. J., Yanto, A. V., & Maddock, S. T. (2024). Amphibians and Reptiles Diversity in Bukit Baka Bukit. 29(1), 1–12.
Kennedy, A. M., & Gislason, M. K. (2022). Intergenerational approaches to climate change mitigation for environmental and mental health co-benefits. Journal of Climate Change and Health, 8, 10–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joclim.2022.100173
Maimunah, S., Remario, R., Hendriansyah, H., F, A., AM, A., Fatchurrohman, A., Samek, J. H., & Supriyanto, B. (2023). Keanekaragaman Hayati, Kemanfaatan Hutan Dan Simpanan Karbon Hkm Sukses Manyam Sejahtera Di Lamandau Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 11(3), 371. https://doi.org/10.20527/jht.v11i3.17632
Marbun, H. (2024). Literatur Review: Studi Tentang Distribusi Suhu dan Dampaknya Terhadap Ekosistem Hutan Tropis. JSSIT: Jurnal Sains Dan Sains Terapan, 2(2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.30631/jssit.v2i2.57
Mubaraki, A., Wahyudi, W., & Fauzi, F. (2023). Identifikasi, Keragaman dan Sebaran Satwa Mamalia di Suaka Margasatwa Lamandau, Kalimantan Tengah. Hutan Tropika, 18(2), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.36873/jht.v18i2.11982
Namara, Y. M., Mulyaningsih, & Ulumudin, A. (2024). Analisis Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial Terhadap Manajemen Hutan Lindung Dalam Mewujudkan Efektivitas Pencapaian Program Kehutanan Sosial (Studi Kasus Di Kecamatan Cisurupan Kabupaten Garut). Ijpam, 02(01), 16–22.
Nugraha, L. M., Hakim, L., Abdoellah, O. S., Darmawan, A., & Winarno, B. (2024). Socio-Ecological Effect of Transition Landscape Dynamics from Agroforests to Monoculture Plantation in Upper Citarum Watershed. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 12(2), 279–295. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.813
Nugroho, H. Y. S. H., van der Veen, A., Skidmore, A. K., & Hussin, Y. A. (2018). Expansion of traditional land-use and deforestation: a case study of an adat forest in the Kandilo Subwatershed, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Journal of Forestry Research, 29(2), 495–513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-017-0449-9
Nurhuda, M. B., Pujawati, E. D., & Payung, D. (2022). Keanekaragaman Hayati Tumbuhan Di Sekitar Kawasan Bendungan Labuhan Kecamatan Batang Alai Selatan Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Sylva Scienteae, 5(3), 429. https://doi.org/10.20527/jss.v5i3.5716
Pajerih, I. S. (2023). Dampak Perubahan Iklim pada Ekosistem Hutan Tropis di Kalimantan Timur: Analisis Krisis Lingkungan. Jurnal Thengkyang, 8.
Primadika, Y., & Widhanarto, O. G. (2022). Jurnal Lingkungan Hutan Tropis. Jurnal Lingkungan Hutan Tropis, 1(2), 441–442. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jlht/article/view/61820/75676596218
Putri, F. U., Arimas, N. W. E., Peanasari, A. R. I., & Yuliaty, F. (2025). Pengelolaan Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Dalam Menjaga Keberlanjutan Hutan Adat Kalimantan. Prosiding Seminar Sosial Politik, Bisnis, Akuntansi Dan Teknik, 6(3), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.32897/sobat.2024.6.1.4189
Safitri, I., Kushadiwijayanto, A. A., Nurdiansyah, S. I., Sofiana, M. S. J., & Andreani, A. (2023). Inventarisasi Jenis Mangrove di Wilayah Pesisir Desa Sungai Nibung, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 22(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.1.109-124
Senior, R. A., Bagwyn, R., Leng, D., Killion, A. K., Jetz, W., & Wilcove, D. S. (2024). Global shortfalls in documented actions to conserve biodiversity. Nature, 630(8016), 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07498-7
Setiadi, S. (2020). Migration, Landscape Dynamics, and Fishermen Livelihood: A Case Study At East Kalimantan. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(3), 350. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijg.54700
Spencer, K. L., Deere, N. J., Aini, M., Avriandy, R., Campbell-Smith, G., Cheyne, S. M., Gaveau, D. L. A., Humle, T., Hutabarat, J., Loken, B., Macdonald, D. W., Marshall, A. J., Morgans, C., Rayadin, Y., Sanchez, K. L., Spehar, S., Suanto, Sugardjito, J., Wittmer, H. U., … Struebig, M. J. (2023). Implications of large-scale infrastructure development for biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo. Science of the Total Environment, 866(December 2022), 161075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161075
Susila, W., & Hukom, A. (2023). Potensi Implementasi Green Economy Di Kalimantan Tengah. Trending: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Ekonomi, 1(2), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.30640/trending.v1i2.908
Syafi’i, I. (2016). Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia : A Reflection of Palm Oil Plantation Conflict in East Kotawaringin. Jurnal Masyarakat & Budaya, 18(3), 415–432.
Syamsih, D. (2024). Biodiversity Analysis of Protected Forests in Central Kalimantan: Implications for Conservation and Sustainable Management. Journal of Horizon, 10–15. https://nawalaeducation.com/index.php/JH/article/view/396
Taylor, J. (2013). Intergenerational justice: a useful perspective for heritage conservation. CeROArt, HS. https://doi.org/10.4000/ceroart.3510
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Published
2025-12-13
